INDOPUI I-NA (V0l.3)
Gallipoli Campaign
Indopui I-na chu Europe-ah a taka a tlakbuak tawh avangin Allies-te chuan Ottoman Empire lakah hnehna chan tumin an bei a, Ottoman Empire chu kum 1914 tawp lam khan Central Powers lam hawiin buainaah a lut ta a ni.
Dardanelles (Marmara Tuipui leh Aegean Tuipui inzawmkhawmna tuipui kam) an beih hlawhchham hnuah, Britain kaihhruai Allied sipaite chuan April 1915 khan Gallipoli Peninsula chu leiah nasa takin an bei a, an beih pawh hi hlawhchhamna rapthlak tak a ni tih a chiang a, kum 1916 January thla khan Allied sipaite chuan mi 250,000 zet an thih hnuah peninsula tuipui kamah chuan an hnukkir kim ta a ni.
British kaihhruai sipaite chuan Egypt leh Mesopotamia-ah te pawh Ottoman Turk-te an bei a, Italy hmar lamah Austrian leh Italian sipaite chu Isonzo lui kamah indona vawi 12 zet an hmachhawn a, hei hi hnam pahnih ramri-a awm a ni.
Isonzo-ho indona
Isonzo-ho indona hmasa ber chu kum 1915 thlasik tawp lam khan a thleng a, chu chu Italy-in Allied lam indonaah a luh hnu lawkah a ni. Isonzo indona vawi sawm leh pahnihna, Caporetto indona tia hriat bawk (October 1917)-ah khan German sipaite chuan Austria-Hungary chu thutlukna siamin hnehna an chang ta a ni.
Caporetto hnuah Italy ṭangrual ramte chuan ṭanpuina tihpun tumin an zuang lut ta a ni. British leh French—leh a hnuah American—sipaite chu he bialah hian an lo thleng a, Allies-ho chuan Italian Front chu an la let leh ta a ni.
Indopui I-na Tuipuiah
Indopui I hma kumte khan Britain’s Royal Navy chungnunna chu hnam dang lawng rualin an dodal ngai lo va, mahse Imperial German Navy chuan tuipui chakna ram pahnih inkara inthlauhna khar kawngah hmasawnna nasa tak a nei a ni. Tuipui sang takah Germany chakna chu U-boat tuihnuai lawng thahnem tak a neih avangin a pui bawk.
Kum 1915 January thlaa Dogger Bank indona, British-hoin North Sea-a German lawngte mak tak maia an beih hnuah, German navy chuan kum khat chuang zet indona lian takah Britain chak tak Royal Navy hmachhawn loh an thlang a, chawlh hahdam an duh zawk a ni a naval strategy tam zawk chu a U-boat-ah a ni.
Indopui I-na laia tuipui lama indona lian ber, Jutland indona (May 1916) khan North Sea-a British tuipui sipaite chungnunna chu a tichhe vek a, Germany chuan indona la awm chhung chu Allied naval blockade tihtawp tumin hma a la leh tawh dawn lo.
Indopui I-naa thlawhna te
Indopui I-na kha thlawhna chakna hmang tangkai thei indona lian ber hmasa ber a ni. British Royal Navy emaw Germany’s U-boat angin nghawng nei lo mah se, Indopui I-naa thlawhna hmanna chuan a hnu lama khawvel hmun hrang hranga sipai indonaah an chanvo pawimawh tak chu a hrilhfiah a ni.
Indopui I tir lamah chuan aviation hi thil thar tak a ni a; Wright unaute hian kum sawm leh pakhat chauh kalta khan sustained flight hmasa ber an la a, chu chu kum 1903 khan a ni a, a tirah chuan thlawhna hi reconnaissance mission atan hman a ni ber. Marne indona hmasa ber lai khan pilot-te hnen atanga thu dawnte chuan German line-a hmun chak lo tak takte chu ṭangrual ramte chu an hmang tangkai thei a, hei hian Allies-te chu France ram aṭanga Germany hnawhchhuahna kawngah a pui a ni.
Machine gun hmasa berte chu United States-ah kum 1912 June thla khan thlawhnaah hlawhtling takin an dah a, mahse a famkim lo va; time dik lo a nih chuan bullet chuan awlsam takin a lo chhuahna thlawhna propeller chu a tichhia thei a ni. French thlawhna Morane-Saulnier L chuan a chinfel dan a pe a: Propeller chu deflector wedge hmanga thuam a ni a, chu chuan silai muin a kap thei lo. Morane-Saulnier Type L hi French, British Royal Flying Corps (Sipai pawl thenkhat), British Royal Navy Air Service leh Imperial Russian Air Service te chuan an hmang thin a ni. British Bristol Type 22 pawh hi model lar dang a ni a, reconnaissance hna thawh nan leh fighter plane atan pawh hman a ni.
Dutch thil siamtu Anthony Fokker chuan kum 1915 khan French deflector system chu a siam \ha a, a “interrupter” chuan silai kah dan chu thlawhna propeller nen a inmil tir a, chu chuan thlawhna a inhnaih loh nan a titawp a ni. WWI lai khan a thlawhna lar ber chu seat pakhat nei Fokker Eindecker ni mah se, Fokker hian German ho tan thlawhna chi hrang hrang 40 chuang a siam a ni.
Allies hian engine pahnih nei bomber hmasa ber Handley-Page HP O/400 chu kum 1915 khan an rawn tichhuak a, aerial technology a lo thang chho zel a, Germany’s Gotha G.V. (kum 1917-a hman hmasak ber) te chu London ang khawpui beih nan an hmang thin. An tlan chakna leh an tlan theihna chu Germany-in Zeppelin a beih hmasak aiin a thihpui zawk tih a chiang hle.
Indopui a tawp meuh chuan Allies ramte chuan German sipaite aiin thlawhna a let nga zetin an siam chhuak ta a ni. Kum 1918 April ni 1 khan British chuan Royal Air Force, a nih loh leh RAF an din a, chu chu navy emaw sipai emaw atanga innghat lo sipai branch hran ni thei air force hmasa ber a ni.ots, base leh port te, trench laih te, chaw siam leh enkawl te, barbed wire leh hmanraw hman theih loh lakchhuah te, sipai phum te.
Indonaa African American sipaite quota leh an enkawl dan avanga Black community leh civil rights organization-te sawiselna an tawh avangin sipaite chuan kum 1917 khan Black combat unit pahnih, 92nd leh 93rd Division an din a ni. United States-ah hian a hranpaa training leh tling tawk lo an nih avangin indonaah hian division hrang hrangte chu an kal dan a danglam hle. 92nd hian September 1918-a Meuse-Argonne campaign-a an chet ṭhat avangin sawiselna an tawk a, 93rd Division erawh chuan hlawhtlinna an chang tam zawk.
Sipai a tlem chhoh zel avangin France chuan America hnenah sipai chakna a dil a, American Expeditionary Forces hotu General John Pershing chuan 93 Division-a regiment te chu over turin a tir a, France hian an Senegalese French Colonial sipai atanga Black sipaite nena indonaah tawnhriat a neih avangin. 93 Division’s, 369 regiment, Harlem Hellfighters tia koh chu huaisen takin an bei a, a vaiin ni 191 zet hmatawngah an awm a, AEF regiment zawng zawng aiin a rei zawk a, France chuan an huaisenna avangin Croix de Guerre a hlan a ni. African American sipai 350,000 chuang chu Indopui I-naah hna hrang hrangah an thawk dawn a ni.
Armistice lam pan chuan
Kum 1918 fall-ah chuan Central Powers chu kawng tinrengah a inher chhuak ta a ni.
Gallipoli-ah Turkey-in hnehna chang mah se, a hnua sipaite rawn beitute hneh loh leh Arab helna avanga Ottoman economy tichhe leh a ram tichhe thei, Turk-ho chuan October 1918 tawp lam khan Allies-te nen thuthlung an ziak ta a ni.
Austria-Hungary, mipui chi hrang hrang zinga hnam hmangaihtu pawl lian zel avanga a chhung atanga inthen darh chu November 4 khan indona tihtawp a ni a, indona hmuna resources tlahniam, homefront-a lungawi lohna leh a ṭangrual ramte inpekna hmachhawnin a tawpah Germany chuan indona tihtawp a tum ta a ni November 11, 1918-ah Indopui I-na a tawp ta a ni. Credit: HISTORY